Bitcoin ETF Correlation with Equities: The Changing Picture

TL;DR. Across 567 sessions from 18 June 2024 to 22 September 2026, the daily return of IBIT correlates +0.43 with the S&P 500 and +0.44 with the Nasdaq Composite. That's an R² of 0.18, so roughly four fifths of what a Bitcoin ETF does on a given day has nothing to do with the stock market. The number is also unstable: measured on 30-day windows it ran from −0.09 (4 March 2025) to +0.79 (12 November 2025). What moves it is how big the equity move is. The direction barely matters. On the 23 sessions where the S&P 500 moved 2% or more the correlation was +0.61, against +0.38 on the calm remainder, and downside beta (0.85) was lower than upside beta (1.12). On our own flow data, the BTC and ETH tapes move together (+0.49, same sign on 71% of days) while BTC and XRP don't (−0.06, same sign on 51%).

How this was measured, and why the instrument matters

Most published "bitcoin vs stocks" correlations quote spot bitcoin, which trades around the clock, against an index that trades six and a half hours. That mismatch alone moves the answer. The question here is about the ETF, so we used the ETF.

• Bitcoin: daily closes of IBIT, 17 June 2024 through 22 September 2026, 607 trading days. IBIT prints only between 09:30 and 16:00 ET, the same window the index trades.
• Equities: daily closes of the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq Composite from the St. Louis Fed's FRED database.
• Flows: our own daily net-flow series for BTC, ETH, SOL and XRP, the BTC tape running from 11 January 2024. Cumulative BTC net flow over that window is $56.9bn, of which 2026 to date has added just $349m across 181 sessions.
• Every figure is a Pearson correlation on simple daily returns, unadjusted, unless the table says otherwise.

We deliberately did not use our own bitcoin price column. It's a 07:00 UTC snapshot, struck hours before the US session it sits next to, so correlations built on it are off by one session. That gets its own section below. If you're new to the product itself, start with what a Bitcoin ETF is.

The headline number: +0.43

Source: our candle store and FRED, 18 June 2024 to 22 September 2026. The last row is the control: spot Bitcoin ETFs from different issuers are the same instrument to three decimal places (+0.997), so nothing here depends on which fund you pick. Fees change your return, not your correlation, and they're compared in Bitcoin ETF expense ratios compared.

The R² of 0.18 is the number to remember: squared, +0.43 says the S&P explains 18% of a Bitcoin ETF's daily return and leaves 82% to something else. Beta says it from the other side. IBIT's beta to the index is 1.24, but its annualised volatility was 46.9% against the index's 16.0%, A very volatile asset with a middling correlation ends up with a beta near one through arithmetic alone. It does not mean IBIT behaves like a stock.

Three sessions show what the other 82% looks like. On 11 November 2024 IBIT gained 15.55% while the S&P moved +0.10%. Bitcoin's own news cycle cost it 13.99% on 5 February 2026 against an index down 1.23%. And on 5 August 2024, during the yen carry unwind, IBIT fell 12.30% while the index fell 3.00%. Two of the three are crypto-specific days the equity market barely registered.

The correlation isn't a constant

One number for a three-year window hides a lot. Cut the same data by quarter and it moves more than 25 points.

Source: our candle store and FRED; the eight opening sessions of June 2024 are too short to measure and sit outside the quarterly cut. The range, +0.36 to +0.62, is wider than the gap most allocation papers treat as meaningful between whole asset classes. Anyone publishing "bitcoin correlates 0.62 with equities" in January 2026 was right for that quarter and wrong nine months later.

Why a 30-day correlation tells you almost nothing

Rolling correlation is the standard chart and 30 days is the standard window. Most of the misleading figures in circulation come from exactly that window. Here's what each window length does over the same history.

Source: our candle store and FRED, rolling windows ending 18 June 2024 to 22 September 2026. Read the first and last rows together. The mean is identical to a rounding error, +0.45 either way, but the 30-day version spans 88 points of range and the one-year version spans 15. Three of the 538 monthly windows came out negative.

Pick a month at random and the 30-day reading lands between +0.12 and +0.69 nineteen times out of twenty. That range is wide enough to support both "bitcoin is a Nasdaq proxy" and "bitcoin is uncorrelated" from one dataset, depending only on which month you screenshot. The window ending 4 March 2025 read −0.09, the one ending 12 November 2025 read +0.79, and the last one in the sample reads +0.42. The rule that follows: don't act on a correlation built from fewer than 90 sessions.

Does correlation really spike when equities fall?

The standard claim is that bitcoin's diversification vanishes exactly when you need it, because correlation jumps in a sell-off. Our data supports half of that. Correlation does jump, but it jumps on big moves in either direction, up as well as down.

Source: our candle store and FRED; vol terciles use trailing 21-session realised volatility of the S&P, annualised. One caution on the middle rows: a correlation computed on days selected by the size of one variable is mechanically pulled toward zero, because most of that variable's range is gone. So +0.28 on up days and +0.25 on down days can't be set against +0.43 on everything. They can be set against each other, and they're near-identical.

Beta avoids that distortion, since conditioning on the x-variable leaves the slope unbiased. IBIT's beta to the S&P was 1.12 on up days and 0.85 on down days. Over this window a Bitcoin ETF participated less in equity declines than in equity rallies. The crash-correlation story predicts the opposite.

What holds up is the amplitude effect. On the 23 sessions where the index moved at least 2% either way, correlation was +0.61 against +0.38 elsewhere: on big macro days everything moves together, and on ordinary days it doesn't. The decile rows put numbers on it. On the worst 10% of equity days the index averaged −1.81% and IBIT −2.40%, about 1.3 times the damage; on the best 10%, +1.70% against +2.65%, about 1.6 times the gain. Bitcoin amplifies both ways, slightly more on the upside. Nor are the volatility terciles monotonic (+0.46, +0.36, +0.48), so the data does not back "correlation rises in stress" as a rule. A macro-event version of this test, across 22 FOMC decisions and 31 CPI prints, is in macro impact on Bitcoin ETF flows.

The price-column trap, and what it does to published numbers

Our flow table carries a bitcoin price next to each day, snapped at 07:00 UTC. Meanwhile the US session that the flow belongs to runs 13:30 to 20:00 UTC on the same date, so the price in row T was struck about six hours before the trading day that row describes. You won't see the offset unless you look for it, and it shifts every lag by exactly one session. We reran the flow-versus-return test twice, once on that price column with the usual backward difference and once on IBIT's own closes, which need no adjustment.

Source: our daily flow series against our candle store, 565 to 567 paired sessions depending on lag, through 22 September 2026. The two halves line up row for row once the price version is shifted by one session, so the offset is real and not an artefact of how we modelled it.

Two conclusions follow. The +0.41 usually reported as "flow and price move together on the day" is the previous session leaking in, and it leaks because flows are sticky: daily BTC net flow has a lag-one autocorrelation of +0.54 (ETH, +0.59), so yesterday's flow proxies for today's. The genuine contemporaneous figure is +0.43, and it isn't news. Creations happen because someone is buying, and buying moves the price. That figure describes the day it happened. It predicts nothing about the next one.

The number you actually want is the tradeable one, and it's close to zero. A day's flow isn't public until issuers post on the evening of T+1, so the first return you could trade is T+2. Our earlier work put that at +0.08. On a clean alignment the +0.08 turns out to be the T+1 relationship, and the true T+2 figure is +0.02. Both are too small to build on, but the correction matters: +0.08 at T+2 would be a weak edge, while +0.02 is noise. The cross-asset version of this test is in how to analyze ETF flows, and the column-by-column guide to our tape is how to read Bitcoin ETF flows.

What flows say about the equity market

Prices are one way to look at this. Flows answer a different question: do the people allocating to Bitcoin ETFs act like equity investors on the same day?

Source: our daily US spot Bitcoin ETF flow series against FRED, 18 June 2024 to 22 September 2026. Daily net flow correlates +0.21 with the same-session S&P return and +0.17 with the prior session's. Against the next session it's −0.01, so flows don't anticipate the stock market any better than they anticipate bitcoin.

The table reads more cleanly than the correlation. On a green equity day the Bitcoin ETF complex took in an average $143.6m; on a red day it was roughly flat at −$14.2m; on the worst tenth of equity sessions it bled $153.6m and printed an outflow nearly three days in four, against a 42% base rate. That is the diversification problem measured in flows. We think it is the more honest measure, because it records what holders did, while price returns only record what the market did to their positions. ETH flows show a weaker version of the same tilt (+0.12). The daily series sits on our Bitcoin ETF flow tracker, and all thirteen assets on the dashboard.

Flows across crypto assets, which is where the real correlation lives

What a Bitcoin ETF's flow is actually correlated with isn't equities. It's other crypto ETFs, and only some of them. The table uses our own data, day-aligned across four tapes.

Source: our daily net-flow series, weekdays only, days where both tapes printed zero excluded. Each overlap starts when the second product launched: ETH 23 July 2024, SOL 27 October 2025, XRP 14 November 2025. Cumulative net flow through 22 September 2026 is $56.9bn on BTC, $13.7bn on ETH, $1.75bn on SOL and $1.57bn on XRP.

BTC and ETH behave like one allocation decision: +0.76 in the recent common window, same direction on 71% of days. SOL sits in between and has been converging (+0.11 over the full overlap, +0.23 since November 2025). XRP is the outlier at −0.06 against BTC. Its flows share a sign with BTC's on 51% of days, a coin flip. The XRP buyer isn't the bitcoin buyer, at least not on the same day.

For portfolio work this is more useful than any equity correlation. A BTC-plus-ETH sleeve is effectively one position under two tickers, while XRP flows move on their own. Two caveats: our SOL tape excludes Canary's SOLC column and doesn't cover Invesco's QSOL or Morgan Stanley's MSOL at all, so those figures cover most of the complex, not all of it.

Bitcoin against gold, measured the same way

The "digital gold" framing makes a testable claim: bitcoin should correlate with equities about as little as gold does. Our flow table carries a gold price beside the bitcoin price, both struck at the same 07:00 UTC moment, so a like-for-like comparison is available even though neither aligns exactly with the equity close. Over 676 sessions from 11 January 2024:

• Bitcoin vs S&P 500: +0.39
• Gold vs S&P 500: +0.17
• Bitcoin vs gold: +0.23

By year, gold's equity correlation ran +0.18, +0.05 and +0.34 against bitcoin's +0.35, +0.43 and +0.44. Gold is the better equity diversifier in two years out of three, and the two have stopped looking different in 2026. Two caveats: our gold column is PAXG, a tokenised claim that tracks the spot metal within roughly 0.3%, not an LBMA fix. All three figures also use the 07:00 snapshot instead of exchange closes. Trust the direction, not the second decimal. The fuller comparison of the wrappers is in gold ETF vs Bitcoin ETF.

What this changes for a portfolio

Correlation is the wrong number to build a case on, for or against. Four practical points:

• Size the position by volatility. IBIT ran at 46.9% annualised against the index's 16.0%, so a 3% sleeve carries roughly the risk of a 9% sleeve of the S&P. That holds whether correlation is 0.25 or 0.65, and volatility has been far more stable than correlation. Sizing frameworks: Bitcoin ETF portfolio allocation.
• Don't count on it as a hedge. On the worst tenth of equity days IBIT averaged −2.40% against the index's −1.81%. There's no crash protection in that. Given the 0.85 downside beta it doesn't amplify crashes much either. It just isn't a defensive holding.
• The diversification comes from independent moves. With an R² of 0.18, the benefit is in the 82% of daily movement the equity market doesn't explain. That is useful, but it is not the same as "moves opposite to stocks".
• Treat BTC and ETH as one line item. Flow correlation of +0.76 in the recent window, same sign on 71% of days, says the marginal buyer makes one decision for both. For separate exposure inside crypto the flow data points at XRP.

Whenever you see a correlation figure, including the ones here, ask first what window it uses. A 30-day reading off this dataset supported anything between −0.09 and +0.79 depending on the month.

FAQ

Sources and further reading

• S&P 500 daily index level, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (FRED), data from S&P Dow Jones Indices, series retrieved 23 September 2026.
• NASDAQ Composite daily index level, FRED, series retrieved 23 September 2026.
• iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF (IBIT) product page, BlackRock, for fund mechanics and expense ratio.
• iShares Bitcoin Trust filings on SEC EDGAR, for creation and redemption procedures.
• Internal: macro impact on Bitcoin ETF flows, how to analyze ETF flows, gold ETF vs Bitcoin ETF, Bitcoin ETF portfolio allocation.